Economic Model of Argentina Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Argentina is a free enterprise economy, having a strong reserve of around $50billion. It is the 3rd largest economy of Latin America. It is an emerging economy that benefits from Agriculture and Manufacturing. Being a part of the G20 countries, the economy of Argentina is dependant on its natural resources. The argentine economy rests on its exports and its manufacturing and industrial sector. A major portion of its labor force is a part of commerce and manufacturing and also agriculture. The country has started to increase taxes in order to decrease reliance on debt and remove fiscal imbalance. Zinc and Copper deposits have been found in the Northwest allowing for a mining sector as well. The country has transitioned into a flexible exchange rate regime and expansionary fiscal and monetary policies. Privatization in many sectors and regulation has somewhat allowed the country to benefit and grow in the long run. (Garcia)Argentina would need to target inflation along with some tigh tening of the fiscal policies to remain on its growth path in the long run. The extremely high level of subsidies would need to be readjusted since a large amount is being paid in the context. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Model of Argentina or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Also, measures need to be taken to ensure geographical dispersion with respect to building infrastructure. If the unemployment numbers are kept in check and better infrastructure is provided to industrial zones the country would become the best economy in South America.

History Is Forever Being Made - 1208 Words

History is forever being made, and although names are added to history the scenarios stay the same. A very prevalent issue in America at the moment is the #BlackLivesMatter movement. This movement was started in 2012 after the murder of Trayvon Martin by neighborhood watch leader George Zimmerman. Zimmerman was later acquitted for the murder, a decision that is becoming all too common for law enforcement who have injured or killed black men (Black Lives Matter). Although the issues that are faced today are slightly different, they are faced because of the same core problem. Throughout the course of history African Americans had to fight for the end of slavery, the ending of segregation in the south, the right to vote, and now they are fighting to end mass incarceration and the wrongful murder of African Americans by the police department. The first slaves arrived in America in the year 1619, and a little under 250 years later slavery was abolished on January 31, 1865. The most pressing question is how the African slaves accomplished such a major feat. The Africans recognized that the treatment that they were receiving from white overseers, and owners was unjust. As in Sankofa the slaves remembered and helped the younger generations understand that this position was not one that they had always held. They kept alive the idea that they too were human beings, and never ceased to spread that message within the slave community. America was different from Africa though in aShow MoreRelatedWomen During The Progressive Era987 Words   |  4 PagesBetween the years 1897- 1917 the progressive era came of age. This era not only created rapid economic growth but also created a voice for woman. As woman began to have a voice they were ready to use it and make a change that would affect American history forever. The progressive era was an era of change. The great depression had just ended and people looked to the government to help make things better. 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Historians have debated the cause of The AmericanRead MoreResearch Paper1634 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Abrahamic covenant God gave to Abraham and his descendants was circumcision. Abraham and every male descendant after him must be circumcised as sign of the covenant between God and his people. (Genesis 17:11) God made three key pledges to Abraham. One of the pledges God made to Abraham was an individual pledg e. God told Abraham (called Abram at the time) I will make into you a great nation and I will bless you and make your name great. (Genesis 12:2) God also promised to make him a fruitfulRead MoreA Time For Change . William G. Pollard, A Physicists, Had1509 Words   |  7 PagesA Time for Change William G. Pollard, a physicists, had once said,†Without change there is no innovation, creativity, or incentive for improvement†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pollard). Throughout history most of the great periods of change can be traced back to an event or discovery. In early man, man hunted for food with his hands until he acquired the technology necessary to make weapons. During this period, man hunted and gathered food as they walked through the vast earth. This was until the discovery of agricultureRead MoreNapoleon And The French Revolution850 Words   |  4 Pagesbut remains one of the most defining periods in France s history, and certainly a date that bore significant implications in what was to become the French Revolution; for on this day was the birth of one of the most influential political figures in France s history, as well as an astute and daring military commander-- Napoleon Bonaparte. Little did his upper-middle class parents know that on that day their miracle would write the history books and become one of the most powerful military commandersRead MoreThe First Naval Voyage Of Spain Essay1412 Words   |  6 Pagescrusades and the attempts to spread their catholic religion, it is easy to say that they were not succeeding in establishing themselves as a civilization. However, they always sought new frontiers in order to improve their cultivation. At this time in history, several different groups around the world began venturing out beyond their native boarders, by sea. These excursions were usually brought about by a natural curiosity of the world and the new technology of sea travel. For the Europeans however, theRead MoreEssay On Ray Bradbury1154 Words   |  5 PagesL. Frank Baum, Jules Verne, and Edgar Rice Burroughs. He wanted to and author at the age of 12 and later said his hope was for the heros in his novels to â€Å"live on forever†.(Biography.com/Ray Bradbury.) He moved to LA in 1934 he participated in his school s drama club and occasionally befriended hollywood stars. His first time being payed was for creating a joke for the â€Å"Burns and Allen Show.†. After graduating High School in 1938 he couldn t afford college so he would go to a library insteadRead MoreImpact Of Resource Availability On American Society1030 Words   |  5 PagesAutomobile Industrialization Alexandra Huotari 10/17/16 US History 5th hour Mr. Griffith Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 The Impact of Resource Availability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 Entrepreneurial Decision Making by Henry Ford and Others†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..2-3 Domestic and International Migrations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..3 The Development of an Industrial Workforce†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 The Impact on Michigan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 The impact on American

New paradigms for health care delivery Free Essays

Changes occurring in Health care delivery and Medicine are the result of social, economical, technological, scientific forces that have evolved in the 21st century. Among the most significant changes are shift in disease patterns, advanced technology, increased consumer expectations and high costs of health care. These factors have redefined medical practices to fit into the changing health delivery system. We will write a custom essay sample on New paradigms for health care delivery or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many health care professionals have come to the conclusion and belief that they will be compelled to explore new paradigms for health care delivery in the future like electronic medical record keeping, telemedicine, computer-based diagnostics and health monitoring to keep pace with the changing scenario. This is due to the accountability of the medical profession today and changing disease patterns. Doctors are under increasing pressure to keep up to date and to base their decisions more firmly on evidences as opposed to anecdotal information of the past. Patients are much more informed than they were 10 years ago. No doctor can tell a patient what to do without being questioned today. Further, with the advent of concepts like informed consent and advance directives, such scientific changes gain relevance. ELEMENTS OF THE NEW PARADIGM The use of electronic documentation is becoming increasingly prevalent in terms of convenience. The National Academy of Sciences report states that the US health care industry spent between $10 and $15 billion on information technology in 1996. Much of this expenditure is attributed to creating electronic records systems and converting conventionally stored data to electronic formats.   There are many software programs specially developed for electronic record keeping. This includes ‘Doctors partner’, an advanced Electronic Medical Records (EMR) System with Integrated Appointment Scheduling Billing, Prescription Writer, Transcription Module, Document Management and Workflow Management built to meet HIPAA standards. ‘Practice Partner Patient Records’ is an award winning electronic medical records (EMR) system, allowing practices to store and retrieve patient charts electronically. There are innumerable such branded medical record softwares available today. The standards in practice for EMR include ASTM International Continuity of Care Record , ANSI X12 (EDI) CEN , EN13606, HISA, DICOM , HL7 ,ISO   and openEHR . (Ringold et.al.,2000). The American Medical Association and 13 other medical groups representing 500,000 physicians have signaled their intention to go electronic with the AMA formed   Physicians’ â€Å"Electronic Health Record Coalition† to recommend affordable, standards-based technology to their constituents. President Bush has also promoted a nationwide computerized medical records system in a recent visit to a children’s hospital at Vanderbilt University. Scientific innovations have found a niche in complicated medical procedures as well. A recent study successfully has evaluated a bar code patient identification system, which involves a hand-held computer for sample collection and for compatibility testing administration of blood. (Turner et.al, 2003). A recent research article (Sandler et.al, 2000) reports of a solid phase and micro titer plate hemagglutination method for pretransfusion compatibility tests. This I-TRAC is an automated process of blood matching with improved serological sensitivity and standardized compatibility testing supporting electronic record keeping and linking to a bar code identification system. San Raffale Hospital in Milan, Italy, has recently collaborated with Intel and CISCO systems to use wireless-enabled infrastructures and Radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies. The system uses RFID-radio frequency identification technology to address the sources of   human and systems error in blood transfusion supply chain. This pilot programme has been   implemented at the 1,100 bed San Raffale hospital where more than 15000 blood transfusions are done every year. The CAT (Computer Aided Tomography) is yet another revolution in medicine which combines the X-ray technology with computer signal processing to generate images of tissues of the body obscured by other organs. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a common technique used to scan pathological or physiological status of living tissues. Much is known about the computer aided continuous ECG monitoring with a play back facility for assessing the cardiac status of the patient. Today we are in a wonderful situation where we will be able to develop a drug based on computer analysis skipping a few phases of clinical testing. PERSPECTIVES ON THE PARADIGM SHIFT Thus, scientific innovations are part of the evolutionary process of the medical science. The basic instrument of a physician, the Stethoscope, the Sphygmomanometer used for monitoring the patient blood pressure, the Catheter, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy, the EEG, ECG, EMG, Echocardiogram, Ultrasonic scan, to name a few were nothing but such scientific innovations integrated into the field of medicine in the nineteenth and twentieth century. Thus, Computer based telemedicine, medical record system, and diagnostic procedures are scientific innovations of the twenty-first century. Hence, it is nothing but a natural and moral obligation of the health care sector to integrate them into the field of medicine. Changes in financial incentives and health care delivery structures are producing new threats to health care quality (A.Brennan, 1991). The retributive measures are cumbersome and expensive. Hence, there is a need for more accountable health delivery system, which will enable application of modern scientific approaches to quality health care system. In this context, quality of the medical care depends on promotion of quality medical care by managed care organizations. REFERENCE Brennan, T, et.al, â€Å"Incidence of adverse events and negligence in hospitalized patients: the results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study†, New England Journal of Medicine 324: 370-76, 1991. Là ¦rum Hallvard, MD, Tom H. Karlsen, MD, and Arild Faxvaag, MD, PhD . â€Å"Effects of Scanning and Eliminating Paper-based Medical Records on Hospital Physicians’ Clinical Work Practice†. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 10: 588-595.2003. Ringold DJ , JP Santell, and PJ Schneider , â€Å"ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in acute care settings: dispensing and administration–1999†. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 57 (19): 1759-75. 2000. Sauer et.al, â€Å"Errors in transfusion medicine† Lab Med. 32(4): 205-207, 2001. Turner et.al, â€Å"Bar code technology: its role in increasing the safety of blood transfusion†, Transfusion, 43(9): 1200:2003. How to cite New paradigms for health care delivery, Essay examples

Planning Local Economic Development and Publications - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Planning Local Economic Development and Publications. Answer: Introduction: Economies around the world now a day are indulging with each other through international trade in order to achieve sustainable growth and to gain mutual prosperity in their respective countries. During last three decades a new idea termed as free trade has been germinated, which argues in favour of barrier less international trade between countries in order to provide higher level of growth in the trade participating economies (Rodwin and Sazanami 2017). However, often government use policies like price floor or price ceiling in order to restrict the market failure. There have been plenty of researches on the efficiency frontier of the price ceiling and price flooring; however previous researches provide diversified view regarding these policies. Some researches argue these policies are essential in order to restrict the market failure, whereas some researches highlights that under price ceiling and price flooring, resources are not allocated optimally (Bond and Goldstein 2015). In a real life scenario, when it comes to Australia, then minimum labour wage can be considered as the practical example of the price ceiling. Now, this report is aimed to discuss these aforementioned governments market intervention polices under an open market scenario in order to trace their efficiency. In addition to this, the report will discuss whether government of Australia should abolish the minimum wage policy or keep it as it is as a protectionism policy from the government. Analysis of governmental policy of price flooring and price ceiling: Trade participating nations often use the price flooring and price ceiling practice in order to blockade the market from breaking down. According to the Balassa (2016), government uses these policies, when there are discrepancies in the price level in the importable or exportable. For instance, if a good is sold at lower price compared to its substitute, then the government set a price floor with a higher price compared to existing equilibrium market price. From figure 1 it can be seen that the initial equilibrium price is P0 and the market demand it Q0, which is assumed to be lower than the international market price. Under this situation government will set a higher price, which will enhance influence the producers to produce more leading to excess supply. Domestic market now can sell the excess produce at lower price compared to the international price, leading to fall the international price too; thus saves the market. on the other hand if a certain good or service is being sold at higher price compare to the prevailing domestic market price, then government uses the price ceiling. From figure 2, it can be seen that if government sets price ceiling at Pmax, which is lower than the prevailing market price, then it will lead to excess demand of the said goods and services. With higher demand price it will enhance the consumer surplus thus aids the welfare of the society (McCombie and Thirlwall 2016). Therefore, it can be seen that government intervention can effectively blocks the market failure; however, it is also true that it can lead to dead weight loss (Perkis et al. 2016). In addition to this, with higher market intervention, it can affects the labour market, thus generating demand-supply gap it can also results in inefficiency in resource allocation (Baumol and Blinder 2015). Bright side of governments interventionist policy: There have been various researches that argue in favour of the governments market interventionist policy. According to them, bright side of governments interventionist policy is as follows (Nepal and Jamasb 2015): It enables the small firms to become competitive Consumer surplus can get enhanced Scope of negative externality get reduced Restricts the firms to have monopoly power Dark side of market interventionist policy by government: Various researches have highlighted the negative impact of the governments interventionist policy. Some of the dark side of market interventionist policies by the government are as follows (Smith and Meier 2016): It leads to reduction in scope of job employment for the unskilled and semi skilled labours. Bureaucracy in the market gets highly enhanced in presence of governments intervention in the market. Restricts the growth of small firms, due to lack of incentive for the producer to hire labour at higher cost. Analysis of Australian governments minimum wage abolishment plan: Since 2005, Australian government has introduced an ambitious project known as minimum wage policy in order to reduce the disparity in wage level of different region Gasper et al. (2016). Under the Australian Fair Pay Commission, government of Australia tried to implement minimum wage policy, which in turn is aimed to reduce the differentiation in the price level in different regions of the country (Buchanan and Oliver 2016). Since its implication, there has been various researches regarding this topic, thus the effect of minimum wage rate on the economy is well documented. According to the Iyengr et al. (2016), it has been found that through minimum wage policy government tried to bring in parity in the labour wage in different region of the country, however, it has failed to provide stimuli to the labour force. Lack of incentive for the producer to employ labour at higher cost has reduced the labour demand leading to fall in the overall employment level. according to the unemployme nt data of Australia, it can be seen that, though there were some amount of reduction in the unemployment level since 2005 to 2008, however, since then it has been rising, highlighting that the economy has lost some amount of employment. On the other hand, unified minimum wage around the country has restricted the growth of the firm in northern territory of Australia (Mavromaras et al. 2015). Due to prevailing backwardness in the northern territories of the country has shortened the labour employment in the region, because during last few years subsequent rises in the minimum wage level is beyond the manageable scope of these firms. Moreover, rise in the wage level has reduced the labour demand leading to fall in the labour supply, which in turn can lead the economy to the destruction (Hirsch et al. 2015). now, it has been observed that only the skilled labour are getting employed, where as unskilled or semi skilled, which is accounted for 85% of total labour force in Australia are not having any job due to rise in wage rate (Evans 2016). on the other hand it has been observed that, rise in demand in the skilled labour due to minimum wage policy has enhanced the countrys total skilled workforce leading to better pros pect for future of the economy (Leigh and Blakely 2016). Australia has the highest minimum wage compared to the other countries that have minimum wage policy. This excessive wage rate has caused demand-supply gap in the Australian labour market causing loss in the employment and the surplus. Recommendations for gauging the situation: Above analysis has highlighted that there has both the bright and dark side of the protectionism policy from government. According to Weimer and Vining (2017), through comparative analysis of the price governments protectionism policy under an open market scenario it has been found that government aims to provide stimuli with their market interventionist policy; however, through improper resource allocation it fails to do so. Considering the case of the Australian government it can be seen that unified minimum wage rate has hampered the labour employment rather than enhancing it (Pradella 2015). On the other hand, it is wise to acknowledge that, governments intervention in the labour market has aided it to have higher amount of skilled labour with which Australia is now facing tech metal mining boom. Considering the circumstances, where a government intervention in market has both the positive and negative effect, being the economic policy advisor to the government following are the recommendation to gauge the situation: Government need to perform market survey effectively in order to assess the present situation and apply those interventionist policy where necessary, rather making them general. Price ceiling and price flooring can hamper the labour market of a country rather than stimulating it. Optimal way to gauge this is to introduce differentiated price depending upon the region. Government need to apply the protectionism policy depending upon the market scenario while considering the effect of protection on bilateral trade and countrys budget. Liberalisation of the minimum wage policy is highly required in order to provide ample scope to the small firm to mature. Otherwise, protectionism of the government will bring in oligopoly market that will lead to price curtailing reducing the consumer surplus of the buyers. Minimum wage policy of the Australian government is general in nature, which are same all around the country. Thus government, need to set differentiate price depending upon the region in order to bring in parity in the market. Minimum wage policy of Australian government has reduced the labour demand in the market for quite a long time. Thus to provide stimuli to the market, government need to bring in vocational training programs or skill development workshops to produce higher amount of skilled labour. Conclusion: The report has tried to assess the efficiency and the validity of governments interventionist policies in order to protect the market from failure under the open market scenario considering the economic theories and previous researches. Through the analysis it has been found that, governments intervention in the market economy is highly essential in order to bring in stability in the market, however, it is also true that sometimes it leads to market inefficiencies due to improper allocation of the resources. In addition to this, policies like price ceiling and price flooring bring in the deadweight loss to all the parties indulged into the business. Though it enhances governments revenue generation, yet it reduces consumer as well producer surplus leading to poor market condition than open economy. In addition to this, the report has found that, when it comes to Australian minimum wage law, then it need to be reformed depending upon the requirement of various zones. Diversified wage policy can provide better effect on the labour market and thus aid the government to achieve what it desires to achieve. To conclude it can be said that efficiency of price ceiling and price flooring is subjective and whether it is valid or not it depends upon the market condition that the government needs to trace through surveys. Reference: Balassa, B., 2016.Policy reform in developing countries. Elsevier. (Accessed from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=b9lsBQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Balassa,+B.,+2016.+Policy+reform+in+developing+countries.+Elsevierots=O2IAR8u7mosig=zeNvnrtyGnD2w5zLMTs0t2LsOIoredir_esc=y#v=onepageqf=false) Baumol, W.J. and Blinder, A.S., 2015.Microeconomics: Principles and policy. Cengage Learning. (Accessed from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=XwW0BAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PR4dq=Baumol,+W.J.+and+Blinder,+A.S.,+2015.+Microeconomics:+Principles+and+policy.+Cengage+Learningots=Hscxno8fAssig=n8pro6kMWpyLSHSS08FM_pavCyIredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=Baumol%2C%20W.J.%20and%20Blinder%2C%20A.S.%2C%202015.%20Microeconomics%3A%20Principles%20and%20policy.%20Cengage%20Learningf=false) Bond, P. and Goldstein, I., 2015. Government intervention and information aggregation by prices.The Journal of Finance,70(6), pp.2777-2812. (Accessed from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jofi.12303) Buchanan, J. and Oliver, D., 2016. Fair Workand the Modernization of Australian Labour Standards: A Case of Institutional Plasticity Entrenching Deepening Wage Inequality.British Journal of Industrial Relations,54(4), pp.790-814. (Accessed from: Buchanan, J. and Oliver, D., 2016. Fair Workand the Modernization of Australian Labour Standards: A Case of Institutional Plasticity Entrenching Deepening Wage Inequality.British Journal of Industrial Relations,54(4), pp.790-814) Chernoff, A.W., 2015. Between a cap and a higher price: Modelling the price of dairy quotas under price ceiling legislation.Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'conomique,48(4), pp.1403-1429. (Accessed from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/caje.12153) Evans, A., 2016. Thinking and Working Politically in the Global Garment Industry: Strengthening Trade Unions, Tackling Gender Ideologies and Reforming International Trade. Gaspar, V., Obstfeld, M.M., Sahay, M.R. and Laxton, M.D., 2016. Macroeconomic Management When Policy Space is Constrained: The 3-C Approach to Economic Policy. International Monetary Fund. Hirsch, B.T., Kaufman, B.E. and Zelenska, T., 2015. Minimum wage channels of adjustment.Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society,54(2), pp.199-239. Leigh, N.G. and Blakely, E.J., 2016.Planning local economic development: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Mavromaras, K., Sloane, P. and Wei, Z., 2015. The scarring effects of unemployment, low pay and skills under-utilization in Australia compared.Applied economics,47(23), pp.2413-2429. (Accessed from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00036846.2015.1008762) McCombie, J. and Thirlwall, A.P., 2016.Economic growth and the balance-of-payments constraint. Springer. (Accessed from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=ewC_DAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PR14dq=McCombie,+J.+and+Thirlwall,+A.P.,+2016.+Economic+growth+and+the+balance-of-payments+constraint.+Springer.ots=k-xdsFj3Flsig=VfWCyW_tKLqtUhnDwP1_-4U8QQcredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=McCombie%2C%20J.%20and%20Thirlwall%2C%20A.P.%2C%202016.%20Economic%20growth%20and%20the%20balance-of-payments%20constraint.%20Springer.f=false) Nepal, R. and Jamasb, T., 2015. Caught between theory and practice: Government, market, and regulatory failure in electricity sector reforms.Economic Analysis and Policy,46, pp.16-24. (Accessed from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0313592615000090) Pradella, L., 2015. The working poor in Western Europe: Labour, poverty and global capitalism.Comparative European Politics,13(5), pp.596-613. (Accessed from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/cep.2015.17) Rodrik, D., 2017.Straight Talk on Trade: Ideas for a Sane World Economy. Princeton University Press. (Accessed from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=S-slDwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Rodrik,+D.,+2017.+Straight+Talk+on+Trade:+Ideas+for+a+Sane+World+Economy.+Princeton+University+Press.ots=pcVkBx7_1Asig=CDR6MS5jq9g0XSNG7MN_O2Z_ioUredir_esc=y) Rodwin, L. and Sazanami, H. eds., 2017.Deindustrialization and regional economic transformation: the experience of the United States. Routledge. (Accessed from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=5hw0DwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PT15 Smith, K.B. and Meier, K.J., 2016.The Case Against School Choice: Politics, Markets and Fools: Politics, Markets and Fools. Routledge. (Accessed from: Smith, K.B. and Meier, K.J., 2016. The Case Against School Choice: Politics, Markets and Fools: Politics, Markets and Fools. Routledge) Weimer, D.L. and Vining, A.R., 2017.Policy analysis: Concepts and practice. Taylor Francis. (Accessed from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=xT4lDwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Weimer,+D.L.+and+Vining,+A.R.,+2017.+Policy+analysis:+Concepts+and+practice.+Taylor+%26+Francisots=et20_h7YQxsig=dJAgMD7XmOtqG25OLKS6_52dvxQredir_esc=y) Dragusanu, R., Giovannucci, D. and Nunn, N., 2014. The economics of fair trade.Journal of Economic Perspectives,28(3), pp.217-36. (Accessed from: https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.28.3.217)